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A photometric study of Be stars located in the seismology fields of COROT
Context: In preparation for the COROT mission, an exhaustive photometricstudy of Be stars located in the seismology fields of the mission hasbeen performed. The very precise and long-time-spanned photometricobservations gathered by the COROT satellite will give important clueson the origin of the Be phenomenon. Aims: The aim of this work is tofind short-period variable Be stars located in the seismology fields ofCOROT, and to study and characterise their pulsational properties. Methods: Light curves obtained at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada,together with data from Hipparcos and ASAS-3 for a total of 84 Be stars,were analysed in order to search for short-term variations. We appliedstandard Fourier techniques and non-linear least-square fitting to thetime series. Results: We found 7 multiperiodic, 21 mono-periodic and 26non-variable Be stars. Short-term variability was detected in 74% ofearly-type Be stars and in 31% of mid- to late-type Be stars. We showthat non-radial pulsations are more frequent among Be stars than inslow-rotating B stars of the same spectral range.Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
| An interesting nebular object in LDN 288
In this paper the results of multiwavelength investigation of an unusualnebular object SNO 85 are presented. In 2MASS images this object lookslike a star with a jet. In DSS2 R image the end of the jet is connectedwith an interesting symmetric structure, consisting of arcs and loops.Such a structure is seen also in the opposite direction from the centralstar; it favors the existence of two opposite jets, which repeat therotation and precession movements of the central star. The results of12CO observations of the dark nebula LDN 288, connected withSNO 85, are also given. From these observations the following resultswere obtained: SNO 85 is situated in a dense condensation and theneighbor B type star GSC 0625400181 is surrounded by a hollow cavity.The velocity of the dark cloud is ˜2.5 km/s and its distance isestimated as (380 990) pc. The object SNO 85 itself is associated withan IRAS point source IRAS 17547-1832, the infrared colors of this sourceare typical for a non-evolved source embedded in the dense dark cloud.This region is perhaps a star formation one because there is alsoanother star with a straight jet in the vicinity of B type star GSC0625400181.
| Fundamental parameters of Be stars located in the seismology fields of COROT
In preparation for the COROT space mission, we determined thefundamental parameters (spectral type, temperature, gravity, V sin i) ofthe Be stars observable by COROT in its seismology fields (64 Be stars).We applied a careful and detailed modeling of the stellar spectra,taking into account the veiling caused by the envelope, as well as thegravitational darkening and stellar flattening due to rapid rotation.Evolutionary tracks for fast rotators were used to derive stellar massesand ages. The derived parameters will be used to select Be stars assecondary targets (i.e. observed for 5 consecutive months) and short-runtargets of the COROT mission. Furthermore, we note that the main part ofour stellar sample falls in the second half of the main sequence lifetime, and that in most cases the luminosity class of Be stars isinaccurate in characterizing their evolutionary status.
| New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
| SB9: The ninth catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits
The Ninth Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits(http://sb9.astro.ulb.ac.be) continues the series of compilations ofspectroscopic orbits carried out over the past 35 years by Batten andcollaborators. As of 2004 May 1st, the new Catalogue holds orbits for2386 systems. Some essential differences between this catalogue and itspredecessors are outlined and three straightforward applications arepresented: (1) completeness assessment: period distribution of SB1s andSB2s; (2) shortest periods across the H-R diagram; (3)period-eccentricity relation.
| Short-Period Variable Be Stars Discovered or Confirmed through Self-Correlation Analysis of Hipparcos Epoch Photometry
We have surveyed 277 bright Be stars for short-period (0.2-2 day)photometric variability using self-correlation analysis of Hipparcosepoch photometry. This extends the work of Percy et al.; the methods areas described there. We report the discovery, timescale, and amplitude ofshort-period variability in: HD 7636 (V764 Cas), HD 11606 (V777 Cas), HD13661 (V549 Per), HD 34921, HD 36408, HD 40978, HD 58343 (FW CMa), HD63460 (o Pup), HD 88195 (17 Sex), HD 89353 (AG Ant, HR 4049), HD 129954(CO Cir), HD 158220 (V862 Ara), HD 173219 (V947 Sct), and HD 187567(V1339 Aql). We report the confirmation of short-period variabilityusing an independent form of analysis in HD 52918 (19 Mon), HD 105382(V863 Cen), HD 137387 (κ-1 Aps), HD 157832 (V750 Ara), and HD163868 (V3984 Sgr). These include a β Cephei star (19 Mon), aVega-type star (17 Sex), and a post-asymptotic giant branch B star (HR4049). We find that short-period variability is more prevalent inearly-B stars than in late-B stars. We have found no β Cephei typevariables in our sample of Be stars, other than 19 Mon, which isapparently not a Be star.
| Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
| V505 Mon - An early-type binary with a disk
New spectra of the eclipsing binary V505 Mon (usually classified as B5Ib) were obtained in the optical and UV regions. Only spectral lines ofone component are visible, with K = 93 km s-1. According toarguments based on the extent of the disk the mass ratio might be about0.30. The star with the visible spectral lines would then have a mass of2.3, the other component of 7.7 Msun, i.e. their supergiantnature can be ruled out. The distance to the system appears to be about1 kpc. Together with published photometric data, the spectroscopyprovides clear evidence for the presence of a disk around the secondarycomponent. The profiles of the C II 1335/6 doublet lines are used toderive the rotational velocity of the disk. The structure of the diskcan be characterized by a central ionized zone surrounded by neutralouter parts. Additional matter of cloudy nature has to be present, andboth components are embedded in an extended atmosphere. Abundance ofcarbon was found to be very low. Similarity with some othernon-eclipsing binaries is discussed. Based on observations collected atthe European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile, and at theGerman-Spanish Observatory, Calar Alto, Spain.
| A Search for High-Velocity Be Stars
We present an analysis of the kinematics of Be stars based uponHipparcos proper motions and published radial velocities. We findapproximately 23 of the 344 stars in our sample have peculiar spacemotions greater than 40 km s-1 and up to 102 kms-1. We argue that these high-velocity stars are the resultof either a supernova that disrupted a binary or ejection by closeencounters of binaries in young clusters. Be stars spun up by binarymass transfer will appear as high-velocity objects if there wassignificant mass loss during the supernova explosion of the initiallymore massive star, but the generally moderate peculiar velocities of BeX-ray binaries indicate that the progenitors lose most of their massprior to the supernova (in accordance with model predictions). Binaryformation models for Be stars predict that most systems bypass thesupernova stage (and do not receive runaway velocities) to createultimately Be+white dwarf binaries. The fraction of Be stars spun up bybinary mass transfer remains unknown, since the post-mass transfercompanions are difficult to detect.
| Statistical analysis of intrinsic polarization, IR excess and projected rotational velocity distributions of classical Be stars
We present the results of statistical analyses of a sample of 627 Bestars. The parameters of intrinsic polarization (p*),projected rotational velocity (v sin i), and near IR excesses have beeninvestigated. The values of p* have been estimated for a muchlarger and more representative sample of Be stars (~490 objects) thanpreviously. We have confirmed that most Be stars of early spectral typehave statistically larger values of polarization and IR excesses incomparison with the late spectral type stars. It is found that thedistributions of p* diverge considerably for the differentspectral subgroups. In contrast to late spectral types (B5-B9.5), thedistribution of p* for B0-B2 stars does not peak at the valuep*=0%. Statistically significant differences in the meanprojected rotational velocities (/line{vsin i}) are found for differentspectral subgroups of Be stars in the sense that late spectral typestars (V luminosity class) generally rotate faster than early types, inagreement with previously published results. This behaviour is, however,not obvious for the III-IV luminosity class stars. Nevertheless, thecalculated values of the ratio vt/vc of the truerotational velocity, vt, to the critical velocity forbreak-up, vc, is larger for late spectral type stars of allluminosity classes. Thus, late spectral type stars appear to rotatecloser to their break-up rotational velocity. The distribution of nearIR excesses for early spectral subgroups is bi-modal, the position ofthe second peak displaying a maximum value E(V-L)~ 1 . m 3for O-B1.5 stars, decreasing to E(V-L)~0. m8 for intermediatespectral types (B3-B5). It is shown that bi-modality disappears for latespectral types (B6-B9.5). No correlations were found betweenp* and near IR excesses and between E(V-L) and vsin i for thedifferent subgroups of Be stars. In contrast to near IR excesses, arelation between p* and far IR excesses at 12 mu m is clearlyseen. A clear relation between p* and vsin i (as well asbetween p* and /line{vsin i}/vc) is found by thefact that plots of these parameters are bounded by a ``triangular"distribution of p*: vsin i, with a decrease of p*towards very small and very large vsin i (and /line{vsini}/vc) values. The latter behaviour can be understood in thecontext of a larger oblateness of circumstellar disks for the stars witha rapid rotation. From the analysis of correlations between differentobservational parameters we conclude that circumstellar envelopes forthe majority of Be stars are optically thin disks with the range of thehalf-opening angle of 10degr
| Long-term visual spectrophotometric behaviour of Be stars. II. Correlations with fundamental stellar parameters and interpretation
The long-term visual spectrophotometric (SPh) behaviour of Be stars as afunction of fundamental stellar parameters is studied. Some previous SPhresults obtained by other authors are confirmed. Moreover, a tendencyfor temperature and aspect angle dependency of SPh variations is found.From the characteristics of visual SPh behaviour in Be stars we deriveconstraints for models of regions in circumstellar envelopes where thevisual continuum spectrum is formed: (i) The SPh emission and absorptionphases should not imply preferential aspect angles, as they can bothappear whatever the stellar inclination. This phenomenon cannot bealways accounted for by strongly flattened circumstellar envelopes; (ii)Radii of the visible continuum forming regions cannot be larger than afew R_*; (iii) Electron densities of these regions should not exceed N_e~ 10(13) cm(-3) ; (iv) Electron temperature of circumstellar layersproducing the SPh emission phases compare with the stellar Balmercontinuum radiation temperature and it is much lower in those producingthe SPh absorption phases. Three scenarios were studied to produce theobserved characteristics of emissions in the V magnitude and in thesecond component of Balmer discontinuity (Delta D) during the SPhemission phases: (a) expansion of a massive circumstellar shell thatpreserves circumstellar envelope flattening; (b) expansion of acircumstellar shell which increases the global flattening, so that adisc-like structure is formed; (c) continuous mass ejection thatincreases the storage of mass in a constant volume with a givenflattening. Mechanisms (a) and (b) produce a double valued (DeltaV,Delta D) SPh relation, while (c) produces a single valued relation.Only mechanisms (a) and (c) can easily produce the observed amounts ofemission Delta V and Delta D without violating the modeling constraintsfrom (i) to (iv) imposed by observations. The model SPh slopes of (DeltaV,Delta D) show the global sin i and T_eff observed dependencies. Thescenarios used to describe the double valued (Delta V,Delta D) suggestanother possible way how to build up circumstellar envelopes around Bestars.
| UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
| Long-term visual spectrophotometric behaviour of Be stars
The long-term spectrophotometric variations of 49 Be stars are studiedusing the U and V magnitudes of the UBV system, the total Balmerdiscontinuity D and the visible gradient Phi _rb. BCD spectrophotometricand photometric data in five different photometric systems, obtained inmost cases since 1950 and reduced to the BCD system, were used. The(U,D), (V,D), (Phi _rb,D) and (Phi _rb,V) correlations obtained differfrom star to star and they can be single or double-valued. They differclearly for Be phases or Be-shell phases. Be stars with small Vsin ishowing the ``spectrophotometric shell behaviour'': D > D_*, werefound. This finding implies either that strongly flattened models ofcircumstellar envelopes are in doubt for these stars, or that not all Bestars are rapid rotators. Comparison of observed variations with thosepredicted for model Be stars with spherical circumstellar envelopes ofvariable densities and dimensions implies that spectrophotometricpatterns of Be phases are due to circumstellar envelopes in low opacityregimes, while those of spectrophotometric shell phases are due tocircumstellar envelopes in high opacity regimes. In a given star, theenvelope regions responsible for the observed variations of D and Phi_rbin spectrophotometric shell phases seem to be smaller and denser thanthose producing the observed variations of these parameters inspectrophotometric Be phases. The high positive RV found in strong shellphases might favor the formation of compact circumstellar layers nearthe star. Figure 6 is only available in electronic form at CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Long-term photometry of Be stars. III. Evidence for periodic outbursts of lambda ERI and photometric activity in HR2142
Stromgren differential uvby photometry of lambda Eri and HR2142 isanalyzed. The data were taken during the time interval 1983-1994 in theframework of the Long-Term Photometry of Variables project at La Silla.lambda Eri exhibited four photometric events (probably associated withline emission episodes) that last several months and which werecharacterized by a common pattern of change in all passbands ( ~ +/-10(-3) mag/day) along with an apparent decrease of the amplitude of theshort-term variability and an increase of the stellar temperature. Asearch for periodicities reveals that these events fit a 486d recurrencetime. On the other hand, HR2142 showed a relatively ``quiet" long-termphotometric behaviour, the orbital period being detected only marginallyin the photometric data set. In contrast, a 344d period optimally fitsthe data. We discuss the possibility of an internal ``clock" regulatingthe outburst activity of lambda Eri and show that the photometricvariability of HR2142 can hardly be explained by its interacting binarynature. We also discuss an empirical relationship found between frac{partial c1}{partial u} and v sini in a sample of 11 Bestars. Based on observations obtained at ESO, Chile
| The 73rd Name-List of Variable Stars
Not Available
| Long-term photometry of Be stars. II. Periodic variations on time scales of days to months.
Stroemgren differential uvby photometry of 4 Be stars is analysed. Thedata were taken during the time interval 1983-1994 in the framework ofthe Long-Term Photometry of Variables project at La Silla. We detectedin these four stars periodic photometric variations with periods between4 and 93 days. The two cases with the longest periods (FT CMa withP=87.9d and FY CMa with P=92.7d) did not have any previously knownperiodic variability. In three of the four cases the periodicoscillation was coherent and always present during the 10 years ofmonitoring.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
| Long-term photometry of Be stars. I. Fading events and variations on time scales of years.
Stroemgren differential uvby photometry of 7 Be stars was analyzed. Thedata were taken during 1983-1991 by the Long-Term Photometry ofVariables team at La Silla. Two low v.sin(i) stars (27 CMa and 28 CMa)showed fading events-that is, sudden fading of a few weeks duration-thatwere preceded by quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) on time scalesT~10-20 days and amplitudes up to 0.2mag. In both cases the colorvariations indicated occurrence of dust ejections. QPO were observedalso in 48 Lib and in ɛ Cap, but these were not related to anyfading event. Long-term photometric variations up to 0.6mag amplitudewere seen for all stars. In most cases, these variations were larger inthe u band, the stars being bluest when brightest. The Be stars seems tofollow a fixed track in the c1-(b-y) color plane. The b-y color is notvery sensitive to changes in brightness, whereas the c1 color isstrongly correlated with the u magnitude. Moreover, the largest c1changes, compared with u changes, occurred in high v sin i Be stars withshell characteristics. Additional variations on time scales of days werealways present; these were larger in the u band. HR 3237 shows peculiarphotometric variations, being the exception to the behaviour abovedescribed. The amplitudes of short-term and long-term variations of 13Be stars are correlated; the tightest correlation was found in the yband. We discuss long-term photometric variations and quasi-periodicoscillations as due to enhanced mass loss episodes preceded by globalone-armed thin-disk oscillations, which could be excited by some type ofphotospheric activity.
| Longterm Photometry of Variables at ESO - Part Two - the Second Data Catalogue 1986-1990
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&AS..102...79S&db_key=AST
| Differential UVBY photometry of southern Be stars. Highlights from the recent analysis of LTPV data.
Not Available
| An Einstein Observatory SAO-based catalog of B-type stars
About 4000 X-ray images obtained with the Einstein Observatory are usedto measure the 0.16-4.0 keV emission from 1545 B-type SAO stars fallingin the about 10 percent of the sky surveyed with the IPC. Seventy-fourdetected X-ray sources with B-type stars are identified, and it isestimated that no more than 15 can be misidentified. Upper limits to theX-ray emission of the remaining stars are presented. In addition tosummarizing the X-ray measurements and giving other relevant opticaldata, the present extensive catalog discusses the reduction process andanalyzes selection effects associated with both SAO catalog completenessand IPC target selection procedures. It is concluded that X-rayemission, at the level of Lx not less than 10 exp 30 ergs/s, is quitecommon in B stars of early spectral types (B0-B3), regardless ofluminosity class, but that emission, at the same level, becomes lesscommon, or nonexistent, in later B-type stars.
| Extinction law survey based on UV ANS photometry
The paper presents an extensive survey of interstellar extinction curvesderived from the ANS photometric measurements of early type starsbelonging to our Galaxy. This survey is more extensive and deeper thanany other one, based on spectral data. The UV color excesses aredetermined with the aid of 'artificial standards', a new techniqueproposed by the authors which allows the special check of Sp/L match ofa target and the selected standard. The results indicate that extinctionlaw changes from place to place.
| Long-term photometry of variables at ESO. I - The first data catalogue (1982-1986)
This paper presents the catalog of photometric data in the Stromgrensystem obtained during the first four years (October 1982 - September1986) of the Long-Term Photometry of Variables (LTPV) program at ESO.The data are available in computer-readable form.
| The formation of Be stars through close binary evolution
The possibility that Be stars are the remnants of case B mass transferin intermediate-mass close binaries is investigated. It is shown thatonly progenitors with mass ratios greater than a certain minimum valueq-min are capable of producing a Be star after the mass transfer. Thevalue of q-min lies between 0.3 and 0.5, depending on the evolutionparameters as well as on the observationally determined lower mass limitof Be/X-ray binaries. In more than 80 percent of the predicted systems,the evolved companion is an He star, particularly among the late-type Bstars; these systems may be detectable as XUV sources.
| Close binaries observed polarimetrically
Not Available
| Instrumental effects and the Stroemgren photometric system
The extent to which the use of different photometers can affect resultson stellar color indices was investigated by simultaneously observing asample of widely different stars with several uvby photometric systemsavailable at the ESO, La Silla, Chile. In one instance, the ESO 50-cmtelescope and the four-channel photometer at the Danish 50-cm telescopewere used simultaneously. The reductions were performed separately oneach data set, using a linear color transformation procedure. Theresults agree with theoretical investigations which showed thatsubstantial errors can arise from the nonconformity of passbands. It isemphasized that it is necessary to use separate color transformationsfor various stellar types and classes and for different interstellarreddenings.
| The interstellar 217 NM band - A third catalogue of equivalent widths
A catalog of equivalent widths of the 217 nm interstellar absorptionband as well as other parameters characterizing the extinction curve inthe ultraviolet has been compiled for 790 O and B stars. A relativelytight correlation between the equivalent width of the 217 nm band andE(B-V) indicates that the absorber of this band is connected with thepopulation of larger interstellar grains responsible for the visualextinction. The parameter characterizing the amount of extinction in thefar UV is only weakly correlated with E(B-V), a result in accord withthe assumption that a second population of very small grains causes therapid increase of the far-UV extinction.
| Catalog of O-B stars observed with Tokyo Meridian Circle
A catalog of the O-B stars, selected from 'Blaauw-Parenago' list andRubin's catalog, has been compiled on the FK4 system by the observationsmade with Gautier 8-inch Meridian Circle at the Tokyo AstronomicalObservatory during the period, 1971 to 1979. It contains 1059 stars andwas compiled for the future establishment of high precision propermotions of O-B stars.
| Distances, reddenings and distribution of emission B-stars in the galactic centre region /l/ not greater than 45 deg
The distribution of Be stars in the region surrounding the Galacticcenter and their correlation to the spiral structure of the Galaxy hasbeen studied. The results are discussed in terms of reddenings anddistances of these stars. Data are presented on the Galacticcoordinates, colors, interstellar color excesses, reddening-freemagnitudes and colors, adopted absolute magnitudes, distances in kpc,distances from the Galactic plane, and MK spectral type.
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