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Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants
We present the parameters of 891 stars, mostly clump giants, includingatmospheric parameters, distances, absolute magnitudes, spatialvelocities, galactic orbits and ages. One part of this sample consistsof local giants, within 100 pc, with atmospheric parameters eitherestimated from our spectroscopic observations at high resolution andhigh signal-to-noise ratio, or retrieved from the literature. The otherpart of the sample includes 523 distant stars, spanning distances up to1 kpc in the direction of the North Galactic Pole, for which we haveestimated atmospheric parameters from high resolution but lowsignal-to-noise Echelle spectra. This new sample is kinematicallyunbiased, with well-defined boundaries in magnitude and colours. Werevisit the basic properties of the Galactic thin disk as traced byclump giants. We find the metallicity distribution to be different fromthat of dwarfs, with fewer metal-rich stars. We find evidence for avertical metallicity gradient of -0.31 dex kpc-1 and for atransition at ~4-5 Gyr in both the metallicity and velocities. Theage-metallicity relation (AMR), which exhibits a very low dispersion,increases smoothly from 10 to 4 Gyr, with a steeper increase for youngerstars. The age-velocity relation (AVR) is characterized by thesaturation of the V and W dispersions at 5 Gyr, and continuous heatingin U.
| The N2K Consortium. VII. Atmospheric Parameters of 1907 Metal-rich Stars: Finding Planet-Search Targets
We report high-precision atmospheric parameters for 1907 stars in theN2K low-resolution spectroscopic survey, designed to identify metal-richFGK dwarfs likely to harbor detectable planets. Of these stars, 284 arein the ideal temperature range for planet searches,Teff<=6000 K, and have a 10% or greater probability ofhosting planets based on their metallicities. The stars in thelow-resolution spectroscopic survey should eventually yield >60 newplanets, including 8-9 hot Jupiters. Short-period planets have alreadybeen discovered orbiting the survey targets HIP 14810 and HD 149143.
| The Origin of Carbon Enhancement and the Initial Mass Function of Extremely Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo
It is known that the carbon-enhanced, extremely metal-poor (CEMP) starsconstitute a substantial proportion of the extremely metal-poor (EMP)stars of the Galactic halo, and a by far larger proportion than CH starsamong Population II stars. We investigate their origin by taking intoaccount an additional evolutionary path to the surface carbonenrichment, triggered by hydrogen engulfment by the helium flashconvection, in EMP stars with [Fe/H]<~-2.5. This process is distinctfrom the third dredge-up operating in more metal-rich stars and in EMPstars. In binary systems of EMP stars, the secondary stars become CEMPstars through mass transfer from the low- and intermediate- mass primarystars that have developed the surface carbon enhancement. Our binaryscenario can predict the variations in the abundances not only forcarbon but also for nitrogen and s-process elements and can reasonablyexplain the observed properties such as the stellar distributions of thecarbon abundances, the binary periods, and the evolutionary stages.Furthermore, from the observed frequencies of CEMP stars with andwithout s-process element enhancement, we demonstrate that the initialmass function of EMP stars needed gives the mean mass~10Msolar under the reasonable assumptions for the distributionsof orbital separations and mass ratios of the binary components. Thisalso indicates that the currently observed EMP stars were exclusivelyborn as the secondary members of binaries, making up ~10% of EMP binarysystems, with mass~108 Msolar in total; inaddition to CEMP stars with white dwarf companions, a significantfraction of them have experienced supernova explosions of theircompanions. We discuss the implications of the present results for theformation of the Galactic halo.
| Medium-resolution Isaac Newton Telescope library of empirical spectra - II. The stellar atmospheric parameters
We present a homogeneous set of stellar atmospheric parameters(Teff, logg, [Fe/H]) for MILES, a new spectral stellarlibrary covering the range λλ 3525-7500Å at2.3Å (FWHM) spectral resolution. The library consists of 985 starsspanning a large range in atmospheric parameters, from super-metal-rich,cool stars to hot, metal-poor stars. The spectral resolution, spectraltype coverage and number of stars represent a substantial improvementover previous libraries used in population synthesis models. Theatmospheric parameters that we present here are the result of aprevious, extensive compilation from the literature. In order toconstruct a homogeneous data set of atmospheric parameters we have takenthe sample of stars of Soubiran, Katz & Cayrel, which has very welldetermined fundamental parameters, as the standard reference system forour field stars, and have calibrated and bootstrapped the data fromother papers against it. The atmospheric parameters for our clusterstars have also been revised and updated according to recent metallicityscales, colour-temperature relations and improved set of isochrones.
| Medium-resolution Isaac Newton Telescope library of empirical spectra
A new stellar library developed for stellar population synthesismodelling is presented. The library consists of 985 stars spanning alarge range in atmospheric parameters. The spectra were obtained at the2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope and cover the range λλ3525-7500 Å at 2.3 Å (full width at half-maximum) spectralresolution. The spectral resolution, spectral-type coverage,flux-calibration accuracy and number of stars represent a substantialimprovement over previous libraries used in population-synthesis models.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| Estimation of Carbon Abundances in Metal-Poor Stars. I. Application to the Strong G-Band Stars of Beers, Preston, and Shectman
We develop and test a method for the estimation of metallicities([Fe/H]) and carbon abundance ratios ([C/Fe]) for carbon-enhancedmetal-poor (CEMP) stars based on the application of artificial neuralnetworks, regressions, and synthesis models to medium-resolution (1-2Å) spectra and J-K colors. We calibrate this method by comparisonwith metallicities and carbon abundance determinations for 118 starswith available high-resolution analyses reported in the recentliterature. The neural network and regression approaches make use of apreviously defined set of line-strength indices quantifying the strengthof the Ca II K line and the CH G band, in conjunction with J-K colorsfrom the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog. The use ofnear-IR colors, as opposed to broadband B-V colors, is required becauseof the potentially large affect of strong molecular carbon bands onbluer color indices. We also explore the practicality of obtainingestimates of carbon abundances for metal-poor stars from the spectralinformation alone, i.e., without the additional information provided byphotometry, as many future samples of CEMP stars may lack such data. Wefind that although photometric information is required for theestimation of [Fe/H], it provides little improvement in our derivedestimates of [C/Fe], and hence, estimates of carbon-to-iron ratios basedsolely on line indices appear sufficiently accurate for most purposes.Although we find that the spectral synthesis approach yields the mostaccurate estimates of [C/Fe], in particular for the stars with thestrongest molecular bands, it is only marginally better than is obtainedfrom the line index approaches. Using these methods we are able toreproduce the previously measured [Fe/H] and [C/Fe] determinations withan accuracy of ~0.25 dex for stars in the metallicity interval-5.5<=[Fe/H]<=-1.0 and with 0.2<=(J-K)0<=0.8. Athigher metallicity, the Ca II K line begins to saturate, especially forthe cool stars in our program, and hence, this approach is not useful insome cases. As a first application, we estimate the abundances of [Fe/H]and [C/Fe] for the 56 stars identified as possibly carbon-rich, relativeto stars of similar metal abundance, in the sample of ``strong G-band''stars discussed by Beers, Preston, and Shectman.
| The Indo-US Library of Coudé Feed Stellar Spectra
We have obtained spectra for 1273 stars using the 0.9 m coudéfeed telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. This telescope feedsthe coudé spectrograph of the 2.1 m telescope. The spectra havebeen obtained with the no. 5 camera of the coudé spectrograph anda Loral 3K×1K CCD. Two gratings have been used to provide spectralcoverage from 3460 to 9464 Å, at a resolution of ~1 Å FWHMand at an original dispersion of 0.44 Å pixel-1. For885 stars we have complete spectra over the entire 3460 to 9464 Åwavelength region (neglecting small gaps of less than 50 Å), andpartial spectral coverage for the remaining stars. The 1273 stars havebeen selected to provide broad coverage of the atmospheric parametersTeff, logg, and [Fe/H], as well as spectral type. The goal ofthe project is to provide a comprehensive library of stellar spectra foruse in the automated classification of stellar and galaxy spectra and ingalaxy population synthesis. In this paper we discuss thecharacteristics of the spectral library, viz., details of theobservations, data reduction procedures, and selection of stars. We alsopresent a few illustrations of the quality and information available inthe spectra. The first version of the complete spectral library is nowpublicly available from the National Optical Astronomy Observatory(NOAO) via ftp and http.
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Statistical cataloging of archival data for luminosity class IV-V stars. II. The epoch 2001 [Fe/H] catalog
This paper describes the derivation of an updated statistical catalog ofmetallicities. The stars for which those metallicities apply are ofspectral types F, G, and K, and are on or near the main sequence. Theinput data for the catalog are values of [Fe/H] published before 2002February and derived from lines of weak and moderate strength. Theanalyses used to derive the data have been based on one-dimensional LTEmodel atmospheres. Initial adjustments which are applied to the datainclude corrections to a uniform temperature scale which is given in acompanion paper (see Taylor \cite{t02}). After correction, the data aresubjected to a statistical analysis. For each of 941 stars considered,the results of that analysis include a mean value of [Fe/H], an rmserror, an associated number of degrees of freedom, and one or moreidentification numbers for source papers. The catalog of these resultssupersedes an earlier version given by Taylor (\cite{t94b}).Catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/398/731
| Statistical cataloging of archival data for luminosity class IV-V stars. I. The epoch 2001 temperature catalog
This paper is one of a pair in which temperatures and metallicitycatalogs for class IV-V stars are considered. The temperature catalogdescribed here is derived from a calibration based on stellar angulardiameters. If published calibrations of this kind are compared by usingcolor-index transformations, temperature-dependent differences among thecalibrations are commonly found. However, such differences are minimizedif attention is restricted to calibrations based on Johnson V-K. Acalibration of this sort from Di Benedetto (\cite{dib98}) is thereforetested and adopted. That calibration is then applied to spectroscopicand photometric data, with the latter predominating. Cousins R-Iphotometry receives special attention because of its high precision andlow metallicity sensitivity. Testing of temperatures derived from thecalibration suggests that their accuracy and precision are satisfactory,though further testing will be warranted as new results appear. Thesetemperatures appear in the catalog as values of theta equiv5040/T(effective). Most of these entries are accompanied by measured orderived values of Cousins R-I. Entries are given for 951 stars.Catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/398/721
| The Incidence of Binaries among Very Metal-poor Carbon Stars
We have monitored the radial velocities of seven very metal-poor starswith abnormally strong CH G bands. On the basis of their colors four aregiants (gCH) and three are subgiants (sgCH). Three of the gCH stars aredefinite spectroscopic binaries with long periods, 505 days
| Nucleosynthesis and Mixing on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. III. Predicted and Observed s-Process Abundances
We present the results of s-process nucleosynthesis calculations forasymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of different metallicities anddifferent initial stellar masses (1.5 and 3 Msolar), and wepresent comparisons of them with observational constraints fromhigh-resolution spectroscopy of evolved stars over a wide metallicityrange. The computations were based on previously published stellarevolutionary models that account for the third dredge-up phenomenonoccurring late on the AGB. Neutron production is driven by the13C(α,n)16O reaction during the interpulseperiods in a tiny layer in radiative equilibrium at the top of the He-and C-rich shell. The neutron source 13C is manufacturedlocally by proton captures on the abundant 12C; a few protonsare assumed to penetrate from the convective envelope into the radiativelayer at any third dredge-up episode, when a chemical discontinuity isestablished between the convective envelope and the He- and C-richzones. A weaker neutron release is also guaranteed by the marginalactivation of the reaction 22Ne(α,n)25Mgduring the convective thermal pulses. Owing to the lack of a consistentmodel for 13C formation, the abundance of 13Cburnt per cycle is allowed to vary as a free parameter over a wideinterval (a factor of 50). The s-enriched material is subsequently mixedwith the envelope by the third dredge-up, and the envelope compositionis computed after each thermal pulse. We follow the changes in thephotospheric abundance of the Ba-peak elements (heavy s [hs]) and thatof the Zr-peak ones (light s [ls]), whose logarithmic ratio [hs/ls] hasoften been adopted as an indicator of the s-process efficiency (e.g., ofthe neutron exposure). Our model predictions for this parameter show acomplex trend versus metallicity. Especially noteworthy is theprediction that the flow along the s-path at low metallicities drainsthe Zr and Ba peaks and builds an excess at the doubly magic208Pb, which is at the termination of the s-path. We thendiscuss the effects on the models of variations in the crucialparameters of the 13C pocket, finding that they are notcritical for interpreting the results. The theoretical predictions arecompared with published abundances of s-elements for AGB giants ofclasses MS, S, SC, post-AGB supergiants, and for various classes ofbinary stars, which supposedly derive their composition by mass transferfrom an AGB companion. This is done for objects belonging both to theGalactic disk and to the halo. The observations in general confirm thecomplex dependence of neutron captures on metallicity. They suggest thata moderate spread exists in the abundance of 13C that isburnt in different stars. Although additional observations are needed,it seems that a good understanding has been achieved of s-processoperation in AGB stars. Finally, the detailed abundance distributionincluding the light elements (CNO) of a few s-enriched stars atdifferent metallicities are examined and satisfactorily reproduced bymodel envelope compositions.
| A database of high and medium-resolution stellar spectra
We present a database of 908 spectra of 709 stars obtained with theELODIE spectrograph at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence. 52 orders ofthe echelle spectra have been carefully fitted together to providecontinuous, high-resolution spectra in the wavelength range lambdalambda = 410-680 nm. The archive provides a large coverage of the spaceof atmospheric parameters: T_eff from 3700 K to 13 600 K, log g from0.03 to 5.86 and [Fe/H] from -2.8 to +0.7. At the nominal resolution,R=42 000, the mean signal-to-noise ratio is 150 per pixel. The spectragiven at this resolution are normalized to their pseudo-continuum andare intended to serve for abundance studies, spectral classification andtests of stellar atmosphere models. A lower resolution version of thearchive, at R=10 000, is calibrated in physical flux with a broad-bandphotometric precision of 2.5% and narrow-band precision of 0.5%. It iswell suited to stellar population synthesis of galaxies and clusters,and to kinematical investigations of stellar systems. The archive isdistributed in FITS format through the HYPERCAT and CDS databases. Basedon observations made on the 193 cm telescope at the Haute-ProvenceObservatory, France. Table 1 is only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/369/1048
| GPM - compiled catalogue of absolute proper motions of stars in selected areas of sky with galaxies.
Not Available
| A catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations: 1996 edition
A fifth Edition of the Catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations is presentedherewith. It contains 5946 determinations for 3247 stars, including 751stars in 84 associations, clusters or galaxies. The literature iscomplete up to December 1995. The 700 bibliographical referencescorrespond to [Fe/H] determinations obtained from high resolutionspectroscopic observations and detailed analyses, most of them carriedout with the help of model-atmospheres. The Catalogue is made up ofthree formatted files: File 1: field stars, File 2: stars in galacticassociations and clusters, and stars in SMC, LMC, M33, File 3: numberedlist of bibliographical references The three files are only available inelectronic form at the Centre de Donnees Stellaires in Strasbourg, viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5), or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The Binary Nature of the Subgiant CH Stars
Repeated radial velocities have been measured for a sample of 10subgiant CH (sgCH) stars over a period of $\sim$15 years. Long-termvelocity variations are exhibited by all but one star, and spectroscopicorbits have been calculated for six of them. The periods are long,ranging from 876 to 4144 days. The distribution of eccentricities andmass functions for sgCH star orbits are similar to those for giantbarium and CH stars, exhibiting significant orbital dissipation relativeto normal late-type binaries. It is concluded that all sgCH stars arebinaries, and like the barium and CH stars, they have had masstransferred from a former asymptotic giant-branch star. (SECTION: Stars)
| GPM1 - a catalog of absolute proper motions of stars with respect to galaxies
The description of the first version of the General Compiled Catalogueof Absolute Proper Motions (GPM1) for a sample of HIPPARCOS stars,derived with respect to galaxies within the plan called Catalogue ofFaint Stars (KSZ, Deutch 1952), is presented. The principal aim of theGPM1 construction was to provide absolute proper motions of stars todetermine the rotation of the HIPPARCOS system. The GPM1 cataloguecontains 977 HIPPARCOS Input Catalogue stars with V magnitudes $5^m -11^m in 180 fields north of -25 degrees of declination. The accuracy ofthe proper motions is 8 mas/yr (milliarcseconds per year). Comparison ofproper motions of GPM1 with those of the PPM and ACRS was performed andanalyzed with respect to systematic errors caused by spurious rotationof the FK5 system. The standard errors show that the rotation may bedetermined with an accuracy better than 1 mas/yr. Catalog is onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftpcdsarc.u-strasbg.fr or ftp 130.79.128.5.
| A New Version of the Catalog of CH and Related Stars (CH95 Catalog)
A new version of the catalog of CH and related stars contains 244 fieldstars and 17 globular cluster stars. Here a list of these stars withtheir coordinates, their positions in the HR diagram and somestatistical diagrams is presented. The catalog will soon be available inthe printed and computerized versions.
| Analyses of Archival Data for Cool Dwarfs. VI. The 1993 Versions of the Temperature and [Fe/H] Catalogs
This paper contains supplements to two catalogs which have previouslybeen published by the author. One of the supplements updates a catalogof temperatures for FGK dwarfs (see Taylor 1994b). The other supplementupdates a catalog of averaged values of [Fe/H] for the same stars (seeTaylor 1994d). The combined catalogs and supplements include values of[Fe/H] published through the end of 1993. Detailed instructions aregiven for catalog users, including an algorithm for adding data to the[Fe/H] catalog. For recent sources of [Fe/H] which require comment,discussions of issues such as data editing and zero-pint corrections aregiven. A review is also given of a problem described by Gray (1994), whofinds that his spectroscopic temperatures and photometric temperaturesfrom Paper II scatter more around their mean relation than one wouldexpect from the contributing rms errors. It is found that near-Sunreddening (which is Gray's preferred solution of the problem) is not adefensible explanation for this scatter. For the moment, the real sourceof the scatter remains unknown. (SECTION: Stars)
| Nucleosynthesis and Mixing on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. II. Carbon and Barium Stars in the Galactic Disk
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...446..775B
| Analyses of archival data for cool dwarfs. 2: A catalog of temperatures
A calibration presented in a previous paper is used in this paper toderive temperatures for FGK stars near the main sequence. Thecalibration is checked against published counterparts, and it is foundthat previous calibrations have not established K-dwarf temperatures inparticular beyond reasonable doubt. The database assembled to derive thetemperatures is described, and the problems posed by close binaries areevaluated. The newly derived temperatures are used to check a line-depthratio proposed as a thermometer by Gray and Johanson (1991, PASP, 103,439), and it is found that the ratio is metallicity-sensitive.Temperatures are given for a total of 417 stars.
| Abundances in CH Subgiants: Evidence of Mass Transfer onto Main-Sequence Companions
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993ApJ...417..287S&db_key=AST
| Lithium in the barium stars
Analysis of high-resolution spectra of classical barium giants revealsthat an unidentified line is a major contributor to thestellar-absorption feature at 6707.8 A attributed previously to a blendof CN lines and the Li I resonance doublet. The strength of theunidentified line is well correlated with the strength of a Ce II line.In contrast to published reports of positive identifications ofabsorption due to the Li I doublet, an acceptable fit of a syntheticspectrum to the observed spectrum of a barium giant is obtainablewithout a significant contribution from the Li I doublet. Upper limitsto the Li abundance of classical barium giants are now consistent withthose expeeted if CH subgiants evolve into barium giants.
| CH stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud and in our Galaxy
Infrared JHK photometry is given for all the proposed LMC CH stars inthe list of Hartwick and Cowley (43 stars). Their luminosities range upto M(bol) of -6 or brighter, making them the most massive carbon starsin the LMC. However, the kinematic discussion of Hartwick and Cowleysuggests an age of a few Gyr for them. They may thus be the products ofbinary mergers, i.e. evolutionary products of blue stragglers of anintermediate-age population. Some analogous stars in the halo of theGalaxy may have evolved from globular cluster type blue stragglers.
| A catalogue of Fe/H determinations - 1991 edition
A revised version of the catalog of Fe/H determinations published by G.Cayrel et al. (1985) is presented. The catalog contains 3252 Fe/Hdeterminations for 1676 stars. The literature is complete up to December1990. The catalog includes only Fe/H determinations obtained from highresolution spectroscopic observations based on detailed spectroscopicanalyses, most of them carried out with model atmospheres. The catalogcontains a good number of Fe/H determinations for stars from open andglobular clusters and for some supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds.
| Catalogue of CH and metal-deficient barium stars
Not Available
| HD 41596 and HD 36650 - Investigations of weak lambda 4077 in two marginal barium stars
HD 41596 and HD 36650 are two faint, Southern-Hemisphere marginal Ba IIstars that are reported in the Michigan Spectral Catalogue to haveunusually weak Sr II 4077-A line strengths compared to the Ba II 4554-Aline. An analysis of higher resolution spectra confirms theclassification for HD 41596, but the case for HD 36650 is not strong.Although an abundance determination is not practical with the material,the line-strength ratio of these two ground-state doublets indicates abarium to strontium abundance ratio greater than unity. This could beproduced by the s-process mechanism in a single, large neutron exposurebut not by an exponential distribution of exposures.
| Lithium in late-type giants. IV - The subgiant CH stars
Lithium abundances in 10 subgiant CH stars and one giant CH star arereported. In no star was the Li I resonance doublet detected, and upperlimits to the lithium abundance in the range log epsilon-(Li) of no morethan 0.7 to log epsilon(Li) = 1.5 /log epsilon(H) = 12.0/ weredetermined for this sample of stars. The subgiant CH stars are on, ornear, the main sequence, and as they evolve up the red giant branch, thedeepening convective envelopes will dilute lithium by a factor of about30-50. This dilution factor, along with the upper limits to the currentlithium abundances, would give the subgiant CH stars when they becomered giants distinctly lower Li abundances than are observed in theclassical barium stars. This suggests that subgiant CH stars are notprogenitors of the classical barium stars. As the subgiant CH stars doshow C-12 and s-process enhancements and are all binaries withlow-luminosity companions, they may represent mass transfer from aformer asymptotic giant branch star (now a white dwarf) onto amain-sequence companion (now a subgiant CH star).
| Heavy-element abundances in two subgiant CH stars
New high-resolution, high signal-to-noise-ratio spectra have beengathered for subgiant CH stars HD 4395 and HD 216219. A detailedmodel-atmosphere abundance analysis has been carried out, with emphasison the determination of abundances for elements heavier than iron. Theheavy-element abundance patterns in the two stars are quite similar, andappear to have been produced by neutron exposures (tau = 0.2) which areless than those in the typical classical barium star. The abundancepatterns indicate that the source of neutrons could have been either theC-13(alpha, n)O-16 reaction or the Ne-22(alpha, n)Mg-25 reaction. Theevolutionary states of these stars are rediscussed in light of these newresults.
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| Сазвежђа: | Кит |
| Ректацензија: | 00h46m13.75s |
| Deклинација: | -11°27'08.6" |
| Apparent магнитуда: | 7.689 |
| Даљина: | 109.17 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -104.1 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -39.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.557 |
| V-T magnitude: | 7.761 |
Каталог и designations:
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