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A catalogue of chromospherically active binary stars (third edition)
The catalogue of chromospherically active binaries (CABs) has beenrevised and updated. With 203 new identifications, the number of CABstars is increased to 409. The catalogue is available in electronicformat where each system has a number of lines (suborders) with a uniqueorder number. The columns contain data of limited numbers of selectedcross references, comments to explain peculiarities and the position ofthe binarity in case it belongs to a multiple system, classicalidentifications (RS Canum Venaticorum, BY Draconis), brightness andcolours, photometric and spectroscopic data, a description of emissionfeatures (CaII H and K, Hα, ultraviolet, infrared),X-ray luminosity, radio flux, physical quantities and orbitalinformation, where each basic entry is referenced so users can go to theoriginal sources.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| The photospheric abundances of active binaries. III. Abundance peculiarities at high activity levels
We report the determination from high-resolution spectra of theatmospheric parameters and abundances of 13 chemical species (amongwhich lithium) in 8 single-lined active binaries. These data arecombined with our previous results for 6 other RS CVn systems to examinea possible relationship between the photospheric abundance patterns andthe stellar activity level. The stars analyzed are generally found toexhibit peculiar abundance ratios compared to inactive, Galactic diskstars of similar metallicities. We argue that this behaviour is unlikelyto be an artefact of errors in the determination of the atmosphericparameters or non-standard mixing processes along the red giant branch,but diagnoses instead the combined action of various physical processesrelated to activity. The most promising candidates are cool spot groupscovering a very substantial fraction of the stellar photosphere or NLTEeffects arising from nonthermal excitation. However, we cannot excludethe possibility that more general shortcomings in our understanding ofK-type stars (e.g. inadequacies in the atmospheric models) also play asignificant role. Lastly, we call attention to the unreliability of the(V-R) and (V-I) colour indices as temperature indicators inchromospherically active stars.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory,Chile (Proposals 64.L-0249 and 071.D-0260).Table A.1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/426/1007
| On the determination of oxygen abundances in chromospherically active stars
We discuss oxygen abundances derived from [O I] λ6300s and the OI triplet in stars spanning a wide range in chromospheric activitylevel, and show that these two indicators yield increasingly discrepantresults with higher chromospheric/coronal activity measures. While theforbidden and permitted lines give fairly consistent results forsolar-type disk dwarfs, spuriously high O I triplet abundances areobserved in young Hyades and Pleiades stars, as well as in individualcomponents of RS CVn binaries (up to 1.8 dex). The distinct behaviour ofthe [O I]-based abundances which consistently remain near-solar suggeststhat this phenomenon mostly results from large departures from LTEaffecting the O I triplet at high activity level that are currentlyunaccounted for, but also possibly from a failure to adequately modelthe atmospheres of K-type stars. These results suggest that some cautionshould be exercised when interpreting oxygen abundances in activebinaries or young open cluster stars.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory,Chile (Proposals 64.L-0249 and 071.D-0260).Table \ref{tab_data} is only available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| Kinematics of chromospherically active binaries and evidence of an orbital period decrease in binary evolution
The kinematics of 237 chromospherically active binaries (CABs) werestudied. The sample is heterogeneous with different orbits andphysically different components from F to M spectral-type main-sequencestars to G and K giants and supergiants. The computed U, V, W spacevelocities indicate that the sample is also heterogeneous in velocityspace. That is, both kinematically younger and older systems exist amongthe non-evolved main sequence and the evolved binaries containing giantsand subgiants. The kinematically young (0.95 Gyr) subsample (N= 95),which is formed according to the kinematical criteria of moving groups,was compared with the rest (N= 142) of the sample (3.86 Gyr) toinvestigate any observational clues of binary evolution. Comparing theorbital period histograms between the younger and older subsamples,evidence was found supporting the finding of Demircan that the CABs losemass (and angular momentum) and evolve towards shorter orbital periods.The evidence of mass loss is noticeable on the histograms of the totalmass (Mh+Mc), which is compared between theyounger (only N= 53 systems available) and older subsamples (only N= 66systems available). The orbital period decrease during binary evolutionis found to be clearly indicated by the kinematical ages of 6.69, 5.19and 3.02 Gyr which were found in the subsamples according to the periodranges of logP<= 0.8, 0.8 < logP<= 1.7 and 1.7 < logP<=3, respectively, among the binaries in the older subsample.
| The photospheric abundances of active binaries. II. Atmospheric parameters and abundance patterns for 6 single-lined RS CVn systems
Photospheric parameters and abundances are presented for a sample ofsingle-lined chromospherically active binaries from a differential LTEanalysis of high-resolution spectra. Abundances have been derived for 13chemical species, including several key elements such as Li, Mg, and Ca.Two methods have been used. The effective temperatures, surfacegravities and microturbulent velocities were first derived from a fullyself-consistent analysis of the spectra, whereby the temperature isdetermined from the excitation equilibrium of the Fe I lines. The secondapproach relies on temperatures derived from the (B-V) colour index.These two methods give broadly consistent results for the stars in oursample, suggesting that the neutral iron lines are formed underconditions close to LTE. We discuss the reliability in the context ofchromospherically active stars of various colour indices used astemperature indicators, and conclude that the (V-R) and (V-I) coloursare likely to be significantly affected by activity processes.Irrespective of the method used, our results indicate that the X-rayactive binaries studied are not as metal poor as previously claimed, butare at most mildly iron-depleted relative to the Sun (-0.41protect <~[Fe/H]protect la +0.11). A significant overabundance of several chemicalspecies is observed (e.g., the alpha -synthezised elements). Theseabundance patterns are discussed in relation to stellar activity.Based on observations collected at ESO (La Silla, Chile).Table A.1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/412/495
| Effect of chromospheric activity on the mean colours of late-type stars. II. Is (B-V)0 also affected?
We confirm the existence of an ``excess'' in the mean dereddened(U-B)0 colour of active single-lined spectroscopic giantsover quiescent stars of the same spectral type and find evidence forthis ``excess'' in (B-V)0, although at a lower scale, whenplotted against (R-I)0. This result suggests that the use of(B-V)0 calibrations to determine fundamental parameters orspectral types for late-type active stars should be taken with caution.Since magnetic activity is definitely involved, these and similarcalibrations using (U-B)0 and/or (B-V)0 should notbe used for the study of late-type young clusters' members or late-typepre-main sequence stars without some consideration. Instead,near-infrared colours like (R-I)0 should be bettertemperature indicators for these stars.
| Reprocessing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries. II. Systems with a giant component
By reanalyzing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of a largesample of spectroscopic binaries containing a giant, we obtain a sampleof 29 systems fulfilling a carefully derived set of constraints andhence for which we can derive an accurate orbital solution. Of these,one is a double-lined spectroscopic binary and six were not listed inthe DMSA/O section of the catalogue. Using our solutions, we derive themasses of the components in these systems and statistically analyzethem. We also briefly discuss each system individually.Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satellite operatedby the European Space Agency (ESA 1997) and on data collected with theSimbad database.
| The tidal effects on the lithium abundance of binary systems with giant component
We analyse the behavior of lithium abundance as a function of effectivetemperature, projected rotational velocity, orbital period andeccentricity for a sample of 68 binary systems with giant component andorbital period ranging from about 10 to 6400 days. For these binarysystems the Li abundances show a gradual decrease with temperature,paralleling the well established result for single giants. We have alsoobserved a dependence of lithium content on rotation. Binary systemswith moderate to high rotation present also moderate to high Li content.This study shows also that synchronized binary systems with giantcomponent seem to retain more of their original lithium than theunsynchronized systems. For orbital periods lower than 100 to 250 days,typically the period of synchronization for this kind of binary systems,lithium depleted stars seems to be unusual. The suggestion is made thatthere is an ``inhibited zone" in which synchronized binary systems withgiant component having lithium abundance lower than a threshold levelshould be unusual. Based on observations collected at ESO, La Silla.
| On X-Ray Variability in Active Binary Stars
We have compared the X-ray emissions of active binary stars observed atvarious epochs by the Einstein and ROSAT satellites in order toinvestigate the nature of their X-ray variability. The primary aim ofthis work is to determine whether or not active binaries exhibitlong-term variations in X-ray emission, perhaps analogous to theobserved cyclic behavior of solar magnetic activity. We find that, whilethe mean level of emission of the sample remains steady, comparison ofdifferent ROSAT observations of the same stars shows significantvariation on timescales <~2 yr, with an ``effective variability''ΔI/I=0.32+/-0.04, where I and ΔI represent the mean emissionand variation from the mean emission, respectively. A comparison of theROSAT All-Sky Survey and later pointed observations with earlierobservations of the same stars carried out with Einstein yields onlymarginal evidence for a larger variation (ΔI/I=0.38+/-0.04 forEinstein vs. ROSAT All-Sky Survey and 0.46+/-0.05 for Einstein vs. ROSATpointed) at these longer timescales (~10 yr), thus indicating thepossible presence of a long-term component to the variability. Whetheror not this long-term component is due to the presence of cyclicvariability cannot be decided on the basis of existing data. However,assuming that this component is analogous to the observed cyclicvariability of the Sun, we find that the relative magnitude of thecyclic component in the ROSAT passband can, at most, be a factor of 4,i.e., I_cyc/I_min<4. This is to be compared with the correspondingbut significantly higher solar value of ~10-10^2 derived from GOES,Yohkoh, and Solrad data. These results are consistent with thesuggestions of earlier studies that a turbulent or distributive dynamomight be responsible for the observed magnetic activity on the mostactive, rapidly rotating stars.
| Radio star catalogue observed in San Juan (RSSJ95)
Using the data observed in San Juan with the photoelectric AstrolabeMark II of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory from February, 1992 toMarch, 1997, the radio star catalogue in San Juan(RSSJ95) has beencompiled. There are 69 radio stars in this catalogue. The positions ofthe radio stars are for the epoch of observation and the equinox J2000.0and a system close to that of the system FK5. The mean precisions are+/-2.2 ms and +/-0.035'' in right ascensions and declinations,respectively. The magnitudes of stars are from 0.9 to 10.7. Thedeclinations are from -2fdg 5 to -60(deg) . The mean epoch is 1995.1.Finally, the comparison results between the Hipparcos catalogue andRSSJ95 are given.
| The age-mass relation for chromospherically active binaries. III. Lithium depletion in giant components
We present a study of the lithium abundances of a sample of evolvedcomponents of Chromospherically Active Binary Systems. We show that asignificant part of them have lithium excesses, independently of theirmass and evolutionary stage. Therefore, it can be concluded that Liabundance does not depend on age for giant components of CABS. Theseoverabundances appear to be closely related to the stellar rotation, andwe interpret them as a consequence of the transfer of angular momentumfrom the orbit to the rotation as the stars evolve in and off the MainSequence, in a similar way as it happens in the dwarf components of thesame systems and in the Tidally Locked Binaries belonging to the Hyadesand M67. Based on observations collected with the 2.2\,m telescope ofthe German-Spanish Observatorio de Calar Alto (Almeria, Spain), and withthe 2.56\,m Nordic Optical Telescope in the Spanish Observatorio delRoque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrof\'\i sica de Canarias(La Palma, Spain)
| Further discussion of binary star radio survey data
Statistical information on 8280 individual radio observations of binarystars, predominantly at 8.4 GHz using the Parkes 64 m antenna, ispresented. Three main groups are distinguished: (i) RS CVn stars, (ii)classical Algol binaries (EA2s) and (iii) detached pairs of generallyearly type (ETBs). The RS CVn stars more frequently gave rise todetectable fluxes, while the ETBs, in this data, are a small and ratherheterogeneous class. The Algols' emission appears to increase nearconjunction phases, though we cannot clearly distinguish any specialproperty of the Algols' phase-dependent behaviour which is not alsoshared by the RS CVn binaries. Both these categories' data show abimodal, phase-dependent pattern to the distribution of detections,suggesting both binary types share similar underlying physicalproperties, though there could also be other factors at play. The samplesizes of the Algols and particularly the ETB detections are too smallfor effective, discriminatory statistics, however.
| On the rotation-activity correlation for active binary stars
We present an investigation of rotation-activity correlations usingInternational Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) SWP measurements of the Civemission line at 1550Angstroms for 72 active binary systems. We use astandard stellar evolution code to derive non-empirical Rossby numbers,R_0, for each star in our sample and compare the resulting Civrotation-activity correlation to that found for empirically derivedvalues of the Rossby number and that based on rotation alone. For dwarfstars our values of R_0 do not differ greatly from empirical ones and wefind a corresponding lack of improvement in correlation. Only a marginalimprovement in correlation is found for evolved components in oursample. We discuss possible additional factors, other than rotation orconvection, that may influence the activity levels in active binaries.Our observational data imply, in contrast to the theoretical predictionsof convective motions, that activity is only weakly related to mass inevolved stars. We conclude that current dynamo theory is limited in itsapplication to the study of active stars because of the uncertainty inthe angular velocity-depth profile in stellar interiors and the unknowneffects of binarity and surface gravity.
| San Juan radio star catalogue and comparison with HIPPARCOS catalogue.
Not Available
| Alignment of rotational axes in asynchronous late type binaries
41 RS CVn and BY Dra type binaries with reliable orbital and physicalparameters have been found to rotate asynchronously with the orbitalrevolution. For this sample inclinations of the rotational axes, i_r, ofthe primaries and the orbital inclinations, i_o, are independentlydetermined to test the alignment between the equatorial and the orbitalplanes. The observed difference Delta i=| {i_o} - {i_r}| measures adeviation from coplanarity of these planes. It turns out that mostasynchronous systems prove to be misaligned, especially when theinfluence of the position angle is taken into account. Thus, thegenerally accepted assumption that rotational axes are perpendicular toorbital planes is not valid for asynchronous RS CVn and BY Dra typebinaries. The influence of the position angle of the observer on thederived values of Delta i can be studied only by statistical methods.The distribution of the observed Delta i is compared wih the expectedvalues of Delta i() e for two cases: a) the rotational axes are randomlyinclined to the orbital planes, and b) the rotational axes areperpendicular to the orbital planes. The best fit to our observed sampleof asynchronous binaries is obtained for the case a), while for thesynchronous RS CVn and BY Dra type binaries the rotational axes areperpendicular to their orbital planes. The appendix is available onlyelectronically with the on-line publication athttp://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00230
| EUV Emission from RS Canum Venaticorum binaries.
We performed a study of 104 RS CVn systems in the extreme ultraviolet(EUV) using the all-sky survey data obtained by the Extreme UltravioletExplorer (EUVE). The present sample includes several new RS CVndetections; 11 more than in the published EUVE catalogs, and 8 more thanin the ROSAT Wide Field Camera catalog. The ratio of detections tonon-detections remained constant throughout the sky, implying that ourdetections are not limited by the exposure time but are most likelylimited by absorption from the interstellar medium. A general trend ofincreasing Lex/B (50-180Å) flux with decreasing rotational periodis clear. The dwarf systems exhibit a leveling-off for the fasterrotators. In contrast, the evolved systems exhibit no such effect. Forthe RS CVn systems the losses in the EUV represent a smaller fraction ofthe coronal radiative losses, as compared to active late-type dwarfs.
| The emission of the RS CVn binaries in the IRAS passbands.
In the literature, there is an ambiguity pertaining to the existence ofa far-IR excess in RS CVn systems. In the current paper we undertook astudy of the behaviour of 103 such systems in the IRAS passbands. Wefound 72 acceptable detections in the 12μm band, and 40 in the25μm band (50% more than the IRAS Point Source Catalog). Although ourfindings may be interpreted as indicating towards the existence of anexcess beyond 12μm for some systems, the evidence is not conclusivein all but two cases. These are systems GX Lib and HR 7428, with Capellabeing the only system where the IRAS fluxes in all four bands originatefrom the stellar photosphere. Given the accuracy of the data we did notfind 12μm excess for any system. We argue that the IRAS data alonecannot settle the issue, as their uncertainty is, in many cases, higherthan what the Signal-to-Noise ratio of each observation implies.Furthermore, at the higher wavelength bands the IRAS angular resolutiondrops from 0.5' at 12μm to 2' at 100μm and the background becomesvery complex, so one cannot be certain about the origin of the observedflux. The existence of IR excess in the RS CVn stars is important as faras the evolutionary scenarios for these systems are concerned. Futuremissions such as the Infrared Space Observatory will return moresensitive and accurate measurements and the ambiguity can be removed.The fluxes we quote will be helpful when planning these futureobservations, as we provide more accurate photometry and for a largerselection of sources than the IRAS Point Source Catalog.
| Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
| Lithium in Rs-Canum Binaries and Related Chromospherically Active Stars - Part Three - Northern Rs-Canum Systems
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1994A&A...283..893R&db_key=AST
| Are the Rotational Axes Perpendicular to the Orbital Planes in the Binary Systems. I. Asynchronous Long-Period RS CVn Stars
We show that only 12 out of 27 analyzed binaries have data good enoughfor reliable determination of iorb and irot. In 4systems (out of these 12) assumption about coplanarity of rotationalequatorial plane and orbital plane is justified. In the remaining casesrotational axes are not perpendicular to the orbital planes(non-coplanar case). The commonly accepted assumption about thecoplanarity of rotational and orbital planes should be revised.
| The active dynamo stars: RS CVn, BY Dra, FK Com, Algol, W UMa, and T Tau
Not Available
| A catalog of chromospherically active binary stars (second edition)
The catalog contains 206 spectroscopic binary systems with at least onelate-type component that shows Ca II H and K emission in its spectrum.These systems include the classical RS CVn binaries and BY Dra binaries.The catalog summarizes information on the photometric, spectroscopic,orbital, and physical properties of the systems as well as space motionsand positions. Up to 42 'parameters' for each stellar system are listedfollowed by the appropriate reference to direct interested colleagues tothe original papers. A comprehensive selection of further informationfor each star is given in the individual notes. In addition, the catalogcontains a candidate list of 138 stars that have similar characteristicsbut are not definitely known binaries or have not had Ca II H and Kemission observed.
| The ROSAT All-Sky Survey of active binary coronae. I - Quiescent fluxes for the RS Canum Venaticorum systems
One hundred and thirty-six RS CV(n) active binary systems were observedwith the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) during theAll-Sky Survey component of the mission. The entire sky was surveyed,which represents the largest sample of RS CV(n) systems observed to dateat any wavelength, including X-rays. X-ray surface fluxes for the RSCV(n) systems are found to lie in the range 10 exp 4 to 10 exp 8 ergs/sqcm seconds. Surface flux as a function of (B - V) color is reported. Adecrease in surface flux with increasing rotation period for the entiresample is observed. The rotation period provides the best stellar ororbital parameter to predict the X-ray surface flux level. The absenceof correlation of F(x) or L(x) with Gamma is noted due to the fact thatthe coronal heating mechanism for these active stars must be magnetic incharacter, and the magnetic field depends on the interaction betweenconvection and differential rotation inside the star. X-ray propertiesof the RS CV(n) systems with 6 cm radio and C IV UV emission systems iscompared.
| Lithium in Rs-Canum Binaries and Related Chromospherically Active Stars - Part Two - Spectrum Synthesis Analysis
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...273..194R&db_key=AST
| Statistical Analysis of a Sample of Spectroscopic Binaries Containing Late Type Giants
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...271..125B&db_key=AST
| Radio continuum and X-ray properties of the coronae of RS Canum Venaticorum and related active binary systems
Data from circular polarization measurements are reported which yieldradio-continuum and X-ray characterizations of the coronae of activebinaries including RS CVn. The circular polarization measurements aretaken at 6 cm for 28 binary systems detected at flux densities of morethan 0.7 mJy, and the data are examined in conjunction with those byDrake et al. (1989). Optical positions are derived for 8 RS CVn objects,three previous detections are confirmed, and seven sources are shown tohave circular polarization at levels of 2-13 percent. A total of 49X-ray sources are confirmed in a total of 190 positions, and thecorrelation between X-ray and radio emissions is analyzed. Noobservational evidence exists to support the notion that radio and X-rayemissions are due to nonthermal electrons, and the data provide evidencefor and against thermal gyrosynchrotron radio emission.
| Lithium in RS CVn binaries and related chromospherically active stars. I - Observational results
The present survey of the Li I 6708 A line in a sample of spectral typeG and K stars with luminosity classes III, IV, and V shows that manyK-type stars in the sample, including a large number of RS CVn binaries,show an anomalously high Li abundance relative to typical inactive starsof the same spectral type. Only a few stars in the sample are likely tobe premain sequence objects of stars which have recently arrived on themain sequence. Mechanisms that could lead to the enhanced Li absorptionin chromospherically active stars are discussed; these encompass largecool spots on the stellar surface, the production of Li in stellarflares by spallation reactions, and the evolution from main-sequenceprogenitors without, or with very shallow, outer convective zones.
| The non-synchronous systems among RS CVn stars
An RS CVn star is considered as nonsynchronous if its orbital perioddiffers by more than 4 percent from its photometric period. Of 88systems examined according to this criterion, 67 are synchronous, 21 arenonsynchronous. For the 21 nonsynchronous systems, it is found thattheir spectral types are most around KO-2 III and that their orbitaleccentricities are larger and their chromospheric activity lower thanthe average level.
| Lithium abundance and chromospheric activity
The relationship between chromospheric activity and lithium abundance inlate-type stars is not well understood. For solar-type stars, it isgenerally believed that chromospheric emission and Li abundance shouldboth decrease with age. However, there are a number of stars with lowCa-II emission and high Li content. The Li line is also strong in manyK-type chromospherically active stars including members of RS CVnbinaries. Some of these stars may be young or even pre-main-sequenceobjects; many other, however, are apparently evolved post-main-sequencestars. Recent observational data are presented that show the presence oflithium in the cool components of many RS CVn binaries and in otherK-type stars with active chromospheres. Several possibilities to explainthe observed Li excess in these stars are discussed.
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